Transfer pricing disputes have become increasingly significant as tax authorities globally scrutinize multinational enterprises (MNEs) to ensure they comply with the arm’s length principle. There has been a notable shift in transfer pricing practices and tax legislation impacting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) worldwide in recent years. The increasing globalization of SMEs and their involvement in cross-border transactions have made compliance with transfer pricing rules critical for these businesses. In the past few years, several high-profile cases have made headlines shedding light on the complexities of transfer pricing regulations and enforcement. This article reviews the most impactful cases, drawing on …