“However, energy consumption, particularly from artificial lighting and ventilation systems, must be carefully managed to ensure these systems are not only viable but also sustainable in the long term.
The researchers say that while indoor vertical gardens are still in their infancy, they anticipate the market will grow substantially over the next decade, in line with a move towards more sustainable cities.
Vertical farming is seen as a potentially resource-efficient technology that can save water, nutrients, labour and space. It could also produce crops out of season and protect them from pests.
Like any rapid innovation, it does come with drawbacks (initial capital cost and high energy usage) which manufacturers do not disclose, while exaggerating the benefits, the researchers say.
Co-author UniSA Professor Enzo Lombi says switching to LED lighting, enhancing ventilation efficiency, and improving the design of the appliance could significantly reduce energy consumption.
“As these systems become more mainstream, improvements in design and energy management will make them more sustainable. Transitioning to renewable energy sources would further enhance their environmental benefits,” Prof Lombi says.
The study also proposes the adoption of energy labelling, similar to that used for other household appliances, to help consumers make informed decisions about the sustainability of these devices.
