Aerodynamicist Streamlines Simulations While Finding Creative Freedom in Jazz Guitar
the cost and effectiveness of renewable energy solutions.
When Cory Frontin is not developing simulation methods for wind and renewable energy, he likes to do
“typical outdoorsy Colorado things,” like rock climbing. He also likes to play jazz
guitar.
The NREL mechanical engineering researcher was an accomplished saxophone player in
high school. As an undergraduate student at the University of Maryland, he intended
to double major in aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering and jazz
studies. However, when he was a Ph.D. candidate at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, he traded reeds and keys for pegs and strings.
“I lived in an apartment at the time, and you can’t practice saxophone in an apartment
without becoming a terrible neighbor,” Frontin explained. “With a guitar, you can
plug in your headphones and practice without bothering anyone.”
Another factor in the switch? The freedom he found in learning something new.
with his son, found that learning jazz guitar relieved him of some of the pressure
to “already be good” at the art. Photo from Cory Frontin, NREL
“I stopped playing saxophone for a while after undergrad,” Frontin said. “During my
Ph.D., which coincided with the pandemic, I got interested in playing music again.
But I had gotten so rusty that it was kind of brutal to try to pick up the saxophone
and feel like a total beginner again. When I switched to guitar, I didn’t feel like
I should already be good at it, but at the same time, I didn’t have to relearn how
to play music entirely. That allowed me to learn in a new and creative way.”
Frontin has learned similar lessons as he has applied his knowledge of aerodynamics
to the challenges of wind and renewable energy production.
“I started at NREL in 2023 as a postdoctoral researcher, and renewable energy was
a new field for me,” Frontin said. “But even though the application was new, the same
general principles of aerodynamics applied. It wasn’t like I had to learn aerodynamics
all over again. So that freed up time and brainpower to think about all the other
pieces of the wind and renewable energy puzzle.”
Read on to learn more about Frontin’s work, his thoughts on the many pieces of the
clean energy puzzle, and how he would like to add to a famous scientific saying.
Tell us about your work at NREL.
Generally, I build mathematical and computational frameworks that improve the efficiency
of simulation. The goal is to help researchers run the simulation that yields the
most information about the question I want to answer and to quickly extract the relevant
information from the simulation. Then I incorporate that simulation data into analyses
to make more informed estimates of power production.
What challenges does your work attempt to overcome?
NREL employee Calum Kenny. Photo from Cory Frontin, NREL
As they apply to wind energy, the simulations I run help engineers and scientists
validate different designs in a virtual environment to find the best ways to harness
wind and other renewable energy sources. Looking at my work more holistically, there’s
a quote from the mathematician and statistician George Box that I think is super insightful:
“All models are wrong, but some models are useful.” What Box meant by this is every
model makes simplifying assumptions that smooth over the complexities and variations
of the real world, but some models still provide useful insights and predictions that
can guide our decisions.
To make a small addition to Box’s quote: “All models are wrong, some are useful, none
are free, and many are expensive.” If we take wind energy as an example, we have many
tools for modeling the best way to convert wind into electricity. In the Box-ian sense,
all the tools we use to do that are wrong. When it comes to wind energy, many of those
modeling tools are expensive. You don’t want to use an expensive tool multiple times
when each simulation after the first one doesn’t add much new information. You especially
don’t want to do this if you can use the same amount of resources to run the expensive
tool once, run a 1,000-times-less-expensive tool 9,000 times, and get much more information.
Understanding the balance between the cost of a model and its effectiveness is a driving
goal and unifying theme of my research.
Why the unifying theme of understanding the balance between the cost of a tool and
its effectiveness?
Another way to put it might be that I’m always looking for the right tool at the right
time and in the right circumstances. To me, that’s a fascinating problem to work on.
All the research I’ve ever done—at NREL or elsewhere—has been tied to it. What tool
can we find with the time, money, knowledge, and other resources available, and how
can we use it to maximize our outcome?
Also, I try to have a big-picture, 30,000-foot view on my work as much as possible.
At the end of the day, I’m an aerodynamicist, but I see how the science of aerodynamics
and wind energy fits into an economic, social, and political framework. I’ve always
enjoyed thinking about how those other frameworks intersect with and drive scientific
progress and give importance to what computational models can tell us and at what
cost and accuracy.
What does a perfect future for wind energy look like to you?
I think a lot about how we can spread the benefits of wind energy more widely.
We know that we can produce energy without causing pollution using wind and other
renewable sources. We believe it can also be done while creating well-paid jobs, on
the net affordably and equitably. I think of the quote—often Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr.’s use is cited but the quote predates him—that the moral arc of the universe bends
toward justice—and I believe so too does the moral arc of energy generation. However,
we have to remember that the moral arc of the universe doesn’t bend on its own but
because of the civil rights marchers and organizers getting the job done; so too do
we have to do the work of making those well-paid jobs, affordability, and energy equity
a reality. But I do think that future is possible, and my vision of the perfect future
for wind energy is where everyone gets to take full part in realizing that vision.
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